Publications from the Carcinogenic Potency Project (CPDB) by Topic

Lois Swirsky Gold, PhD, Director

PDF files are provided here for the papers in this list.

Research Areas:

Methodological Analyses of Bioassay Results
Species Comparisons of Carcinogenicity and Potency
Target Organs of Chemical Carcinogens
Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and the Interpretation of the High Proportion of Chemicals that Test Positive
Risk Assessment Techniques
The Background of Naturally-Occurring Chemicals vs. Synthetic Chemicals: Setting Priorities Among Possible Cancer Hazards
Occupational Exposures and Possible Cancer Hazards
Disparities in Risk Estimates for Pesticide Residues in Food
Misconceptions About the Causes of Cancer
Plots of the Carcinogenic Potency Database

Methodological Analyses of Bioassay Results

Gold, L.S. Human exposures to ethylene dichloride. In: Banbury Report 5: Ethylene Dichloride: A Potential Health Risk? (B. N. Ames, P. Infante, R. Reitz, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 209-225 (1980). PDF
Hooper, N.K., Gold, L.S., and Ames, B.N. The carcinogenic potency of 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) in two animal bioassays: A compari son of inhalation and gavage studies. In: Banbury Report 5: Ethylene Dichloride: A Potential Health Risk? (B.N. Ames, P. Infante, R. Reitz, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 65-81 (1980). PDF
Ames, B.N., Hooper, N.K., Sawyer, C.B., Peto, R., Havender, W., Gold, L.S., Harris, R.H., and Rosenfeld, M. Carcinogenic Potency: A progress report. In: Banbury Report 5: Ethylene Dichloride: A Potential Health Risk? (B.N. Ames, P. Infante, R. Reitz, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 55-63 (1980).
Rosenbaum, R. K., Bachmann, T. M., Gold, L. S., Huijbregts, M. A. J., Jolliet, O., Juraske, R., Koehler, A., Larsen, H.F., MacLeod, M., Margni, M., McKone, T. E., Payet, J., Schuhmacher, M., van de Meent, D., Hauschild, M. Z. USEtox - The UNEP-SETAC toxicity model: recommended characterisation factors for human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity in Life Cycle Impact Assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assessment 13:532-546 (2008). PDF
Gold, L.S., Gaylor, D.W., and Slone, T.H. Comparison of Cancer Risk Estimates Based on a Variety of Risk Assessment Methodologies. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 37: 45-53 (2003). PDF
Richard, A.M., Gold, L.S., and Nicklaus, M.C. Chemical structure indexing of toxicity data on the Internet: Moving towards a flat world. Curr. Opin. Drug Discovery Develop. 9:314-325 (2006). PDF
Gold, L. S., Slone, T. H., and Ames, B. N. What do animal cancer tests tell us about human cancer risk? Overview of analyses of the Carcinogenic Potency Database. Drug Metabolism Reviews 30: 359-404 (1998). Abstract PDF
Gaylor, D.W. and Gold, L.S. Regulatory cancer risk assessment based on a quick estimate of a benchmark dose derived from the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD). Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 28: 222-225 (1998). Abstract PDF
Gold, L. S., Slone, T. H., and Ames, B. N. Overview of analyses of the Carcinogenic Potency Database. In: Handbook of Carcinogenic Potency and Genotoxicity Databases (L. S. Gold & E. Zeiger, eds.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 661-685 (1997).
Freedman, D., Gold, L. S., and Lin, T. Concordance Between Rats and Mice in Bioassays for Carcinogenesis. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 23: 225-232 (1996). Abstract PDF
Gaylor, D W., and Gold, L S. Quick estimate of the regulatory virtually safe dose based on the maximum tolerated dose for rodent bioassays. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 22: 57-63 (1995). Abstract PDF
Lin, T., Gold, L.S., and Freedman, D. Carcinogenicity tests and interspecies concordance. Statistical Science, 10: 337-353 (1995). Abstract PDF
Freedman, D.A., Gold, L.S., and Slone, T.H. How tautological are interspecies correlations of carcinogenic potency? Risk Analysis 13: 265-272 (1993). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Manley, N.B., Garfinkel, G.B., Hudes, E.S., Rohrbach, L., and Ames, B.N. The Carcinogenic Potency Database: Analyses of 4000 chronic animal cancer experiments published in the general literature and by the U.S. National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program. Environmental Health Perspectives 96: 11-15 (1991). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., and Bernstein, L. Summary of carcinogenic potency (TD₅₀) and positivity for 492 rodent carcinogens in the Carcinogenic Potency Database. Environmental Health Perspectives 79: 259-272 (1989). Abstract PDF
McCann, J., Gold, L.S., Horn, L., McGill, R., Graedel, T.E., and Kaldor, J. Statistical analysis of Salmonella test data and comparison to results of animal cancer tests. Mutation Research 205: 183-195 (1988). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Wright, C., Bernstein, L., and de Veciana, M. Reproducibility of results in “near-replicate” carcinogenesis bioassays. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 78: 1149-1158 (1987). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Bernstein, L., Kaldor, J., Backman, G., and Hoel, D. An empirical comparison of methods used to estimate carcinogenic potency in long-term animal bioassays: Lifetable vs. summary incidence data. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 6: 263-269 (1986). Abstract PDF
Bernstein, L., Gold, L.S., Ames, B.N., Pike, M.C., and Hoel, D.G. Some tautologous aspects of the comparison of carcinogenic potency in rats and mice. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5: 79-86 (1985). Abstract PDF
Bernstein, L., Gold, L.S., Ames, B.N., Pike, M.C., and Hoel, D.G. Letter to the editor: Toxicity and carcinogenic potency. Risk Analysis 5: 263-264 (1985). PDF Letters

Species Comparisons of Carcinogenicity and Potency

Gold, L.S., Manley, N.B., Slone, T.H., and Ward, J.M. (2001). Compendium of chemical carcinogens by target organ: Results of chronic bioassays in rats, mice, hamsters, dogs and monkeys. Toxicol. Pathol. 29: 639-652. [Target sites in humans] PDF
Gold, L. S., Manley, N. B., Slone, T. H., and Rohrbach, L. Supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB): Results of Animal Bioassays Published in the General Literature in 1993 to 1994 and by the National Toxicology Program in 1995 to 1996 Environmental Health Perspectives 107 (Suppl. 4): 527-600 (1999). [Analyses of experiments in monkeys] Abstract Text
Freedman, D., Gold, L. S., and Lin, T. Concordance Between Rats and Mice in Bioassays for Carcinogenesis. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 23: 225-232 (1996). Abstract PDF
Lin, T., Gold, L.S., and Freedman, D. Carcinogenicity tests and interspecies concordance. Statistical Science, 10: 337-353 (1995). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., and Slone, T.H. Prediction of carcinogenicity from 2 vs. 4 sex-species groups in the Carcinogenic Potency Database. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 39: 147-161 (1993). Abstract PDF
Freedman, D.A., Gold, L.S., and Slone, T.H. How tautological are interspecies correlations of carcinogenic potency? Risk Analysis 13: 265-272 (1993). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Manley, N.B., and Ames, B.N. Extrapolation of carcinogenicity between species: Qualitative and quantitative factors. Risk Analysis 12: 579-588 (1992). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Manley, N.B., and Ames, B.N. Quantitative and qualitative extrapolation of carcinogenesis between species. Proceedings of the conference on chemical risk assessment in the DoD: Science, policy, and practice (H. J. Clewell III, ed.), Cincinnati, OH: American Conference of Government Industrial Hygienists, pp. 59-66 (1992).
Gold, L.S., Bernstein, L., Magaw, R., and Slone, T.H. Interspecies extrapolation in carcinogenesis: Prediction between rats and mice. Environmental Health Perspectives 81: 211-219 (1989). Abstract PDF
Bernstein, L., Gold, L.S., Ames, B.N., Pike, M.C., and Hoel, D.G. Some tautologous aspects of the comparison of carcinogenic potency in rats and mice. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 5: 79-86 (1985). Abstract PDF
Bernstein, L., Gold, L.S., Ames, B.N., Pike, M.C., and Hoel, D.G. Letter to the editor: Toxicity and carcinogenic potency. Risk Analysis 5: 263-264 (1985). PDF Letters

Target Organs of Chemical Carcinogens

Gold, L.S., Manley, N.B., Slone, T.H., and Ward, J.M. (2001). Compendium of chemical carcinogens by target organ: Results of chronic bioassays in rats, mice, hamsters, dogs and monkeys. Toxicol. Pathol. 29: 639-652. PDF
Picut, C.A., Aoyama, H., Holder, J.W., Gold, L.S., Maronpot, R.P., and Dixon, D. Bromoethane, chloroethane and ethylene oxide induced uterine neoplasms in B6C3F₁ mice from 2-year NTP inhalation bioassays: Pathology and incidence data revisited. Exp. Toxic. Pathol. 55: 1-10 (2003). PDF
Gold, L. S., Manley, N.B., and Slone, T.H. Summary of the Carcinogenic Potency Database by target organ. In: Handbook of Carcinogenic Potency and Genotoxicity Databases (L. S. Gold & E. Zeiger, eds.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 607-620 (1997).
Gold, L. S., and Slone, T. H. The mouse liver in perpsective: Comparison of target organs of carcinogenicity for mutagens and non-mutagens in chronic bioassay. Fifth Workshop on Mouse Liver Tumors: Summary Report. Washington, DC: International Life Sciences Institute, 1995. Text
Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Stern, B.R., and Bernstein, L. Comparison of target organs of carcinogenicity for mutagenic and non-mutagenic chemicals. Mutation Research 286: 75-100 (1993). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Manley, N.B., and Bernstein, L. Target organs in chronic bioassays of 533 chemical carcinogens. Environmental Health Perspectives 93: 233-246 (1991). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Ward, J.M., Bernstein, L., and Stern, B. Association between carcinogenic potency and tumor pathology in rodent carcinogenesis bioassays. Fundamental and Applied Toxicology 6: 677-690 (1986). Abstract PDF

Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis and the Interpretation of the High Proportion of Chemicals that Test Positive

Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Manley, N.B., and Ames, B.N. Misconceptions About the Causes of Cancer. Vancouver, Canada: Fraser Institute (2002). PDF
Ames, B. N. and Gold, L.S. Paracelsus to Parascience: The Environmental Cancer Distraction. Mutation Research 447, 3-13 (2000). Abstract PDF
Koop, C.E., Juberg, D.R., Benedek, E.P., Brecher, R.W., Chem, C., Brent, R.L., Cole, P., Corn, M. Covello, V., Downes, T.W., Gad, S.C., Gold, L.S., Guengerich, F.P., Higginson, J., Konemann, W.H., Lamb IV, J.C., Lioy, P.J., Lundberg, G.D., Thompson, K.M., A Scientific Evaluation of Health Effects of Two Plasticizers Used in Medical Devices and Toys: A Report from the American Council on Science and Health. Medscape General Medicine (1999). Text
Ames, B.N. and Gold, L.S. The rodent high-dose cancer test is limited at best: When cell division is ignored, then risk assessment will be flawed. Comments Toxicol. 6(4): 271-276 (1998).
Ames, B.N. and Gold, L.S. The Prevention of Cancer. Drug Metabolism Reviews 30: 203-225 (1998). PDF
Bogen, K. T., and Gold, L. S. Trichloroethylene cancer risks: simplified calculation of PBPK-based MCLs for cytotoxic endpoints. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 25: 26-42 (1997). Abstract PDF
Ames, B. N., Gold., L. S., and Shigenaga, M. K. Cancer prevention, rodent high-dose cancer tests, and risk assessment. Invited editorial. Risk Analysis 16: 613-617 (1996). PDF
Ames, B. N., and Gold, L. S. Reply to Farber (Letter to the Editor): cell division and causation. Cancer Research 56: 4267-4274 (1996). PDF
Ames, B. N., and Gold, L. S. The rodent high-dose cancer test is limited at best: When cell division is ignored, then risk assessment will be flawed. BELLE Newsletter 5(2-3): 4-7 (1996). Text
Ames, B. N., and Gold, L. S. Cell Division and DNA Lesions are key factors in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis, and cancer prevention. In: Encyclopedia of Cancer (J. R. Bertino, ed.), Orlando, FL: Academic Press, Volume 2, pp. 1120-1128 (1996). Abstract
Gold, L.S. The Importance of data on mechanism of carcinogenesis in efforts to predict low dose human risk. Risk Analysis 13(4): 399-401 (1993). PDF
Ames, B.N., Shigenaga, M.K., and Gold, L.S. DNA lesions, inducible DNA repair, and cell division: Three key factors in mutagenesis and carcinogenesis. Environmental Health Perspectives 101 (Suppl. 5): 35-44 (1993). Abstract PDF
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Too many rodent carcinogens: mitogenesis increases mutagenesis. Rational Readings on Environmental Concerns (J. Lehr, ed.), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp. 181-186 (1992).
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Endogenous mutagens and the causes of aging and cancer. Mutation Research 250: 3-16 (1991). Abstract PDF
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Mitogenesis, mutagenesis, and rodent cancer tests. CSHL Symposium on the Origins of Human Cancer, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, pp. 125-135 (1991).
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Mitogenesis, mutagenesis, and animal cancer tests. Chemically Induced Cell Proliferation: Implications for Risk Assessment (B. Butterworth, W. Farland, and M. McClain, eds.), New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 1-20 (1991).
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Perspective: Too many rodent carcinogens: Mitogenesis increases mutagenesis. Science 249: 970-971 (1990). Letters: 250: 1498 (1990); 250: 1645-1646 (1990); 251: 12-13 (1991); 251: 606-608 (1991); 252: 902 (1991). PDF
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Chemical carcinogenesis: Too many rodent carcinogens. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 87: 7772-7776 (1990). PDF

Risk Assessment Techniques

Gold, L.S. Human exposures to ethylene dichloride. In: Banbury Report 5: Ethylene Dichloride: A Potential Health Risk? (B. N. Ames, P. Infante, R. Reitz, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 209-225 (1980). PDF
Hooper, N.K., Gold, L.S., and Ames, B.N. The carcinogenic potency of 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) in two animal bioassays: A compari son of inhalation and gavage studies. In: Banbury Report 5: Ethylene Dichloride: A Potential Health Risk? (B.N. Ames, P. Infante, R. Reitz, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 65-81 (1980). PDF
Ames, B.N., Hooper, N.K., Sawyer, C.B., Peto, R., Havender, W., Gold, L.S., Harris, R.H., and Rosenfeld, M. Carcinogenic Potency: A progress report. In: Banbury Report 5: Ethylene Dichloride: A Potential Health Risk? (B.N. Ames, P. Infante, R. Reitz, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 55-63 (1980).
Gold, L.S. Carcinogenic Potency Database: Available Experimental Resuts to Examine Possible Adjustment of TTC Exposure Limits for Short or Intermittent Exposure. Presentation to HESI Workshop to Develop a Framework for Estimating Potential Human Cancer Risk from Intermittent and/or Short-Term Exposures. Washington, DC, (Dec. 1-3, 2009). PDF
Rosenbaum, R. K., Bachmann, T. M., Gold, L. S., Huijbregts, M. A. J., Jolliet, O., Juraske, R., Koehler, A., Larsen, H.F., MacLeod, M., Margni, M., McKone, T. E., Payet, J., Schuhmacher, M., van de Meent, D., Hauschild, M. Z. USEtox - The UNEP-SETAC toxicity model: recommended characterisation factors for human toxicity and freshwater ecotoxicity in Life Cycle Impact Assessment. Int. J. Life Cycle Assessment 13:532-546 (2008). PDF
Gold, L.S., Manley, N.B., and Slone, T.H. Letter to the Editor: Chemical interactions affecting tumor incidence rates. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 38: 105-106 (2003). PDF
Gold, L.S., Gaylor, D.W., and Slone, T.H. Comparison of Cancer Risk Estimates Based on a Variety of Risk Assessment Methodologies. Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 37: 45-53 (2003). PDF
Gaylor, D.W. and Gold, L.S. Regulatory cancer risk assessment based on a quick estimate of a benchmark dose derived from the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD). Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 28: 222-225 (1998). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S. Testimony. In: The Science of Risk Assessment: Implications for Federal Regulation. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the House Comm. on Science, 105^th Congress, 2^nd Session, July 15, 1998. PDF
Gray, C. B., Anderson, F. R., Fischoff, B., Gold, L. S., Hornig, D., Jasanoff, S., Landy, M., Melnick, R. S., Merrill, R., Portney, P. R., Powers, C., Ruckelshaus, W. D., Stewart, R., Sunstein, C., and Zimmerman, R. Reform of risk regulation: Achieving more protection at less cost. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 1: 183-206 (1995). PDF
Oldenburg, C., S. Benson, K. Pruess, J. Daisey, N. Brown, L. Gold, and J. Macfarlane. The SELECT environmental remedy selection tool: A platform for T2VOC multiphase transport modeling. AIChE Symposium Series, vol. 91, no.306, 38-43, 1995. PDF
Gaylor, D W., and Gold, L S. Quick estimate of the regulatory virtually safe dose based on the maximum tolerated dose for rodent bioassays. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 22: 57-63 (1995). Abstract PDF
Slone, T.H. Body Surface Area Misconceptions. Risk Analysis, Letter to the editor, 13(4): 375-377 (1993). PDF

The Background of Naturally-Occurring Chemicals vs. Synthetic Chemicals: Setting Priorities Among Possible Cancer Hazards

Gold, L.S. and Slone, T.H. Aristolochic acid, an herbal carcinogen, sold on the Web after FDA alert. New Engl. J. Med. 349: 1576-1577 (2003). PDF / Links
Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., and Ames, B.N. Natural and Synthetic Chemicals in the Diet: A Critical Analysis of Possible Cancer Hazards. In: Food Safety and Food Quality. R.E. Hester & R.M. Harrison, eds. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology 15. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 95-128 (2001). PDF
Gold, L.S. and Ames B.N. Trans Fat Nomination for Inclusion in the National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (Letter). December 3, 2002 [Nomination accepted]. PDF
Gold, L.S. and Slone, T.H. The Importance of Toxicological Testing for Safety of Dietary Supplement Ingredients. Testimony to the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements Methods and Reference Materials Program Stakeholders Meeting, February 1, 2002. PDF
Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Ames, B.N., and Manley, N.B. Pesticide Residues in Food and Cancer Risk: A Critical Analysis. In: Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, Second Edition (R. Krieger, ed.), San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 799-843 (2001). PDF
Gold, L.S. and Slone, T.H. Ranking Possible Toxic Hazards of Dietary Supplements Compared to Other Natural and Synthetic Substances. Testimony to the Food and Drug Administration on Dietary Supplements, Docket No. 99N-1174, August 16, 1999. PDF
Ames, B.N. and Gold, L.S. Pollution, pesticides and cancer misconceptions. In: Fearing Food: Risk, Health and Environment (J. Morris & R. Bate, eds.), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, pp. 19-37 (1999).
Gold, L. S., Slone, T. H., and Ames, B. N. Prioritization of possible carcinogenic hazards in food. In: Food Chemical Risk Analysis (D. Tennant, ed.), London: Chapman and Hall, pp. 267-295 (1997). Text
Gold, L.S, Slone, T.H., Manley, N.B., Ames, B.N. Heterocyclic Amines Formed by Cooking Food: Comparison of Bioassay Results with Other Chemicals in the Carcinogenic Potency Database. Cancer Letters 83: 21-29 (1994). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Stern, B.R., Manley, N.B., and Ames, B.N. Possible carcinogenic hazards from natural and synthetic chemicals: Setting priorities. Comparative Environmental Risk Assessment (R. Cothern, ed.), Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers, pp. 209-235 (1993). Abstract
Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Stern, B.R., Manley, N.B., and Ames, B.N. Rodent carcinogens: Setting priorities. Science 258: 261-265 (1992). Abstract PDF
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Natural chemicals, synthetic chemicals, risk assessment, and cancer. Xenobiotics and Cancer (L. Ernster et al., eds.), Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, Japan, pp. 303-314 (1991). Abstract
Ames, B.N., Profet, M., and Gold, L.S. Dietary carcinogens and mutagens from plants. Mutagens in Food: Detection and Prevention (H. Hayatsu, ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 29-50 (1991).
Ames, B.N., Profet, M., and Gold, L.S. Dietary pesticides (99.99% all natural). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 87: 7777-7781 (1990). PDF
Ames, B.N., Profet, M., and Gold, L.S. Nature’s chemicals and synthetic chemicals: Comparative toxicology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 87: 7782-7786 (1990). PDF
Gold, L.S., Bernstein, L., and Ames, B.N. The importance of ranking possible carcinogenic hazards using HERP. Risk Analysis 10 (4): 625-628 (1990). PDF Letters
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Dietary carcinogens, environmental pollution, and cancer: some misconceptions. Medical Oncology and Tumor Pharmacotherapy 7(3-4): 69-85 (1990). Abstract
Ames, B.N., Magaw, R., and Gold, L.S. Ranking possible carcinogenic hazards. Science 236: 271-280 (1987). Letters: 237: 235 (1987); 237: 1283-1284 (1987); 237: 1399-1400 (1987); 238: 1633-1634 (1987). PDF Abstract
Reprinted in: The Risk Assessment of Environmental and Human Health Hazards (D. J. Paustenbach, ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons, pp. 1082-1104 (1989).

Occupational Exposures and Possible Cancer Hazards

Gold, L. S. Garfinkel, G. B., and Slone, T. H. Setting Priorities Among Possible Carcinogenic Hazards in the Workplace. In: Chemical Risk Assessment and Occupational Health: Current Applications, Limitations, and Future Prospects (C. M. Smith, D. C. Christiani, and K. T. Kelsey, eds.), Westport, CT: Auburn House, pp. 91-103, 1994. Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Backman, G.M., Hooper, N.K., and Peto, R. Ranking the potential carcinogenic hazards to workers from exposures to chemicals that are tumorigenic in rodents. Environmental Health Perspectives 76: 211-219 (1987). Abstract PDF
Hooper, K., and Gold, L.S. Ranking the carcinogenic hazards of occupational exposures: Exposure-Potency Index (EPI) values for nine volatile industrial chemicals. In: Monitoring of Occupational Genotoxicants (M. Sorsa and H. Norppa, eds.), New York: Alan R. Liss, pp. 217-228 (1986). Abstract
Gold, L.S. Human exposures to ethylene dichloride. In: Banbury Report 5: Ethylene Dichloride: A Potential Health Risk? (B. N. Ames, P. Infante, R. Reitz, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 209-225 (1980). PDF

Disparities in Risk Estimates for Pesticide Residues in Food

Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Ames, B.N., and Manley, N.B. Pesticide Residues in Food and Cancer Risk: A Critical Analysis. In: Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology, Second Edition (R. Krieger, ed.), San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 799-843 (2001). PDF
Gold, L. S., Stern, B. S., Slone, T. H., Brown, J. P. Manley, N. B., and Ames, B. N. Pesticide residues in food: Investigation of disparities in cancer risk estimates. Cancer Letters 117: 195-207 (1997). Abstract PDF
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Risk assessment of pesticides. Chemical Engineering News 69 (1): 28-32 (1991). Rebuttals. 48-9 (1991).
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Pesticides, risk, and applesauce. Science 244: 755-757 (1989). PDF

Misconceptions About the Causes of Cancer

Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Manley, N.B., and Ames, B.N. Misconceptions About the Causes of Cancer. Vancouver, Canada: Fraser Institute (2002). PDF
Ames, B.N. and Gold, L.S. Cancer prevention and the environmental chemical distraction. In: Politicizing Science: The Alchemy of Policymaking (M. Gough, ed.), Stanford, CA: Hoover Institute, pp. 116-142 (2003). Reprinted in: Environment and Health Myths and Realities, (K. Okonshi & J. Morris, eds.), London, UK: International Policy Press, pp. 21-39 (2004). PDF
Gold, L.S., Ames, B.N., and Slone, T.H. Misconceptions About the Causes of Cancer. In: Human and Environmental Risk Assessment: Theory and Practice (D. Paustenbach, ed.), New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 1415-1460 (2002). PDF
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Misconceptions about pollution, pesticides and the prevention of cancer. In: The Standard Handbook of Environmental Science, Health and Technology. J. Lehr, ed. New York: McGraw-Hill (2000). Text
Ames, B.N. and Gold, L.S. Introductory preface. In: Toxicology (H. Marquardt, S. Schaefer, R.O. McClellan & F. Welsch, eds.), San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 1-7 (1999).
Ames, B.N. and Gold, L.S. Nueve ideas recibidas pasadas por la criba de la ciencia (Misconceptions about Pollution, Pesticides, and the Prevention of Cancer). Mundo Cientifico 207:31-37 (1999).
Ames, B.N. and Gold, L.S. Neuf idées recues passées aucrible de la science (Misconceptions about Pollution, Pesticides, and the Prevention of Cancer). La Recherche 324:46-53 (1999).
Ames, B. N., Gold, L. S., and Willett, W. C. The causes and prevention of cancer. Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana: Enciclopedia del Novecento, XI: 341-350 (1998). Abstract (1998).
Ames, B. N., and Gold, L. S. Misconceptions About Environmental Pollution, Pesticides and the Causes of Cancer. NCPA Policy Report No. 214. Dallas, TX: National Center for Policy Analysis (1998). Executive Summary PDF
Ames, B.N. and Gold, L.S. The Causes and Prevention of Cancer: The Role of Environment. Biotherapy 11: 205-220 (1998). PDF
Ames, B.N. and Gold, L.S. The Prevention of Cancer. In: Functional Foods for Disease Prevention I: Fruits, Vegetables, and Teas, (T. Shibamoto, J. Terao, T. Osawa, eds.), Washington, DC : American Chemical Society. ACS Symposium Series 701: pp. 2-15 (1998). PDF
Ames, B. N., and Gold, L. S., The causes and prevention of cancer: Gaining perspective. Environ. Health Perspect. 105 (Suppl. 4): 865-873 (1997). Abstract Text
Ames, B.N. and Gold, L.S. Pollution, Pesticides, and Cancer: Misconceptions. In: What Risk?: Science, Politics and Public Health (R. Bate, ed.), Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, pp. 173-190 (1997).
Ames, B. N., and Gold, L. S., Environmental pollution, pesticides, and the prevention of cancer: Misconceptions. FASEB J. 11: 1041-1052 (1997). Abstract PDF
Ames, B. N., and Gold, L. S. The causes and prevention of cancer: Gaining perspectives on management of risk. In: Improving Risk Management: From Science to Policy (R. W. Hahn, ed.), Oxford University Press, pp. 4-45 (1996).
Ames, B. N., and Gold, L. S. The causes and prevention of cancer: An overview. In: Accomplishments in Cancer Research 1995 (J. G. Fortner and P. A. Sharp, eds.), Philadelphia: Lippincott-Raven, pp. 70-91 (1996).
Ames, B. N., Gold, L. S., and Willett, W. C. The causes and prevention of cancer. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 92: 5258-5265 (1995). PDF
Ames, B. N., and Gold, L. S. The Causes and Prevention of Cancer: The Role of Environment. In: The True State of the Planet (ed. R. Bailey), Washington, D.C.: Free Press, 1995, pp. 141-175. Abstract
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Environmental pollution and cancer: some misconceptions. Phantom Risk: Scientific Inference and the Law (K. R. Foster, D. E. Bernstein, P. W. Huber, eds.), M.I.T. Press, pp. 153-181 (1993).
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Animal cancer tests and cancer prevention. Journal of the National Cancer Institute Monograph #12: 125-132 (1992). Abstract
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Misconceptions on pollution and the causes of cancer. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 29: 1197-1208 (1990). Reprinted in L’actualite chimique pp. 391-393 (1991). AbstractPDF>
Ames, B.N., and Gold, L.S. Misconceptions regarding environmental pollution and cancer causation. In: Health Risks and the Press (M. Moore, ed.), The Media Institute in cooperation with the American Medical Association, Washington, DC, pp. 19-34 (1989).

Plots of the Carcinogenic Potency Database

Gold, L. S., Manley, N. B., Slone, T. H., Rohrbach, L., and Garfinkel, G.B. Supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB): Results of Animal Bioassays Published in the General Literature through 1997 and by the National Toxicology Program in 1997 and 1998. Toxicol. Sci. 85: 747-800 (2005). PDF
Gold, L. S., Manley, N. B., Slone, T. H., and Rohrbach, L. Supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB): Results of Animal Bioassays Published in the General Literature in 1993 to 1994 and by the National Toxicology Program in 1995 to 1996 Environmental Health Perspectives 107 (Suppl. 4): 527-600 (1999). Abstract Text
Gold, L. S., Slone, T. H., Manley, N. B., Garfinkel, G. B., Rohrbach, L., and Ames, B. N. Carcinogenic Potency Database. In: Handbook of Carcinogenic Potency and Genotoxicity Databases (L. S. Gold & E. Zeiger, eds.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 1-605 (1997). The methods, guide and bibliography are available on this Web site.
Gold, L. S., Slone, T. H., and Ames, B. N. Summary of the Carcinogenic Potency Database by chemical. In: Handbook of Carcinogenic Potency and Genotoxicity Databases (L. S. Gold & E. Zeiger, eds.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 621-660 (1997).
Gold, L.S., Manley, N.B., Slone, T.H., Garfinkel, G.B., Ames, B.N., Rohrbach, L., Stern, B.R., and Chow, K. Sixth Plot of the Carcinogenic Potency Database: Results of Animal Bioassays Published in the General Literature 1989-1990 and by the National Toxicology Program 1990-1993. Environmental Health Perspectives 103 (Suppl. 8): 3-122 (1995). Abstract Text
Gold, L.S., Manley, N.B., Slone, T.H., Garfinkel, G.B., Rohrbach, L., and Ames, B.N. The fifth plot of the Carcinogenic Potency Database: Results of animal bioassays published in the general literature through 1988 and by the National Toxicology Program through 1989. Environmental Health Perspectives 100: 65-135 (1993). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Backman, G.M., Eisenberg, S., Da Costa, M., Wong, M., Manley, N.B., Rohrbach, L., and Ames, B.N. Third chronological supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database: Standardized results of animal bioassays published through December 1986 and by the National Toxicology Program through June 1987. Environmental Health Perspectives 84: 215-286 (1990). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Slone, T.H., Backman, G.M., Magaw, R., Da Costa, M., Lopipero, P., Blumenthal, M., and Ames, B.N. Second chronological supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database: Standardized results of animal bioassays published through December 1984 and by the National Toxicology Program through May 1986. Environmental Health Perspectives 74: 237-329 (1987). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., de Veciana, M., Backman, G.M., Magaw, R., Lopipero, P., Smith, M., Blumenthal, M., Levinson, R., Bernstein, L., and Ames, B.N. Chronological supplement to the Carcinogenic Potency Database: Standardized results of animal bioassays published through December 1982. Environmental Health Perspectives 67: 161-200 (1986). Abstract PDF
Gold, L.S., Sawyer, C.B., Magaw, R., Backman, G.M., de Veciana, M., Levinson, R., Hooper, N.K., Havender, W.R., Bernstein, L., Peto, R., Pike, M.C., and Ames, B.N. A Carcinogenic Potency Database of the standardized results of animal bioassays. Environmental Health Perspectives 58: 9-319 (1984). Abstract PDF
Peto, R., Pike, M.C., Bernstein, L., Gold, L.S., and Ames, B.N. The TD₅₀: A proposed general convention for the numerical description of the carcinogenic potency of chemicals in chronic-exposure animal experiments. Environmental Health Perspectives 58: 1-8 (1984). Abstract PDF
Sawyer, C., Peto, R., Bernstein, L., and Pike, M.C. Calculation of carcinogenic potency from long-term animal carcinogenesis experiments. Biometrics 40: 27-40 (1984). Abstract PDF
Hooper, N.K., Gold, L.S., and Ames, B.N. The carcinogenic potency of 1,2-dichloroethane (EDC) in two animal bioassays: A comparison of inhalation and gavage studies. In: Banbury Report 5: Ethylene Dichloride: A Potential Health Risk? (B.N. Ames, P. Infante, R. Reitz, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 65-81 (1980). PDF
Ames, B.N., Hooper, N.K., Sawyer, C.B., Peto, R., Havender, W., Gold, L.S., Harris, R.H., and Rosenfeld, M. Carcinogenic Potency: A progress report. In: Banbury Report 5: Ethylene Dichloride: A Potential Health Risk? (B.N. Ames, P. Infante, R. Reitz, eds.), Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, pp. 55-63 (1980). PDF

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