C.i. direct blue 15: Carcinogenic Potency Database

C.I. direct blue 15 (CAS 2429-74-5)
SMILES, InChI and Structure are below.
Rats and Mice: Cancer Test Summary

Rat Target Sites		Mouse Target Sites		TD₅₀ (mg/kg/day)
Male	Female	Male	Female	Rat	Mouse
ezy lgi liv orc pre ski smi	cli ezy hmo lgi liv orc ski smi ute	no test	no test	27.5^m	no test

Key to the Table Above

Positivity: For each chemical with a positive (carcinogenic) experiment in the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB), results are included on carcinogenic potency (TD₅₀) in each species and target sites in males and females. Positivity is determined by an author’s opinion in a published paper. If all experimental results in the CDPB are negative in a sex-species group, “no positive” appears. If the CPDB has no experiments in the sex-species group, “no test” appears. The summary presents the strongest evidence of carcinogenicity in each group. If there are both positive and negative experiments in a sex-species, the negative results are ignored in this Summary Table.

Target Site Codes: cli = clitoral gland. ezy = ear/Zymbal’s gland. hmo = hematopoietic system. lgi = large intestine. liv = liver. orc = oral cavity (includes tissues of the mouth, oropharynx, pharynx, and larynx). pre = preputial gland. ski = skin. smi = small intestine. ute = uterus. Target sites are listed if any author of published experimental results concluded that tumors were induced in that organ by the test agent. If there is more than one positive experiment in a sex-species, target sites listed may be from more than one experiment, e.g. if liver and lung are both listed, then liver may have been a target in one experiment and lung in another.

TD₅₀: Our standardized measure of carcinogenic potency, TD₅₀, is the daily dose rate in mg/kg body weight/day to induce tumors in half of test animals that would have remained tumor-free at zero dose. Whenever there is more than one positive experiment in a species, the reported TD₅₀ value is a Harmonic Mean calculated using the TD₅₀ value from the most potent target site in each positive experiment.

Superscripts: m = There is more than one positive experiment in the species, and TD₅₀ values from each positive experiment are used in the calculation of the reported Harmonic mean of TD₅₀.

The Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) is a unique and widely used international resource of the results of 6540 chronic, long-term animal cancer tests on 1547 chemicals. The CPDB provides easy access to the bioassay literature, with qualitative and quantitative analyses of both positive and negative experiments that have been published over the past 50 years in the general literature through 2001 and by the National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program through 2004. The CPDB standardizes the diverse literature of cancer bioassays that vary widely in protocol, histopathological examination and nomenclature, and in the published author’s choices of what information to provide in their papers. Results are reported in the CPDB for tests in rats, mice, hamsters, dogs, and nonhuman primates.

For each experiment, information is included on species, strain, and sex of test animal; features of experimental protocol such as route of administration, duration of dosing, dose level(s) in mg/kg body weight/day, and duration of experiment; experimental results are provided on target organ, tumor type, and tumor incidence; carcinogenic potency (TD₅₀) and its statistical significance; shape of the dose-response, author’s opinion as to carcinogenicity, and literature citation.

Only tests with dosing for at least ¼ the standard lifespan of the species and experiment length at least ½ the lifespan are included in the CPDB. Only routes of administration with whole body exposure are included. Doses are standardized, average dose rates in mg/kg/day. A description of methods used in the CPDB to standardize the diverse literature of animal cancer tests is presented for: 1) Criteria for inclusion of experiments 2) Standardization of average daily dose levels and 3) TD₅₀ estimation for a standard lifespan. See Methods for other details.

TD₅₀ provides a standardized quantitative measure that can be used for comparisons and analyses of many issues in carcinogenesis. The range of TD₅₀ values across chemicals that are rodent carcinogens is more than 100 million-fold. More than half the chemicals tested are positive in at least one experiment.

A plot of all results on each experiment in the CPDB for this chemical is presented below. These results are the source information for the Cancer Test Summary table above.

C.I. direct blue 15: All Experiments and Citations in CPDB

The definition of each code in the plot below will appear in a pop-up window when the field name in the header line is clicked, e.g., Strain, Site, Path. Each numbered line starts a new experiment and reports protocol information in black. Average daily dose-rates per kg body weight per day are in green. Remaining lines report experimental results in blue.

Abbreviations of fields in header line: # = the line number in the plot of all CPDB chemicals; Xpo = duration of dosing; Xpt = duration of experiment; Site = tissue; Path = tumor type; DR = dose-response; AuOp = author’s opinion about carcinogenicity; LoConf, UpConf = confidence limits (99%) on TD₅₀; Inc = tumor incidence for each dose group.

See Guide to reading the plot for details on each field, using an example of one experiment.

See Help to improve readability, or to fit the plot onto the screen or a printed page.



Chemical (Synonym) CAS
# Species Sex Strain Route Xpo+Xpt PaperNum        0 Dose  1 Dose 2 Dose  3 Dose          Literature Reference or NCI/NTP:Site Path
Site Path Notes   TD50  DR Pval    AuOp LoConf UpConf   Cntrl   1 Inc  2 Inc   3 Inc                                                        Brkly Code



C.I. DIRECT BLUE 15   2429-74-5
790  R f f34 wat 96w97 TR397 :                       0    35.5mg  70.3mg  141.mg
 MXB MXB        21.3mg * P<.0005    15.1mg 32.5mg  16/50   24/35   59/65   45/50   asc:adp; cli:ade,anb,car,cnb; col:adp; dsc:adp;
                              duo:muc; jej:adc,muc; liv:hpc,nnd; mul:mnl; pal:sqc,sqp; ski:sqc,sqp; ton:sqc,sqp; ute:adc,ade; zym:
                                                                                                                          ade,car. C
 cli MXA        46.2mg * P<.0005 c  30.2mg 80.1mg   7/50   11/35   24/65   27/50                              cli:ade,anb,car,cnb.
 mul mnl        50.0mg * P<.0005 c  31.1mg 101.mg   7/50   13/35   27/65   15/50
 MXA MXA        81.0mg * P<.0005 c  49.7mg 151.mg   2/50    4/35   19/65   15/50                         pal:sqc,sqp; ton:sqc,sqp.
 cli MXA        90.1mg * P<.0005    50.0mg 226.mg   5/50    5/35   12/65   12/50                                      cli:ade,anb. S
 zym MXA        104.mg * P<.0005 c  63.4mg 178.mg   0/50    4/35   11/65   17/50                                      zym:ade,car.
 cli MXA        107.mg * P<.0005    62.4mg 229.mg   2/50    6/35   12/65   15/50                                      cli:car,cnb. S
 ute MXA        122.mg * P<.004     56.8mg 1.06gm   6/50    8/35   13/65    7/50                                      ute:esp,ess. S
 ute esp        132.mg * P<.008     59.3mg 3.45gm   5/50    8/35   12/65    5/50                                                   S
 MXA sqp        132.mg * P<.0005    71.2mg 344.mg   2/50    3/35   12/65    9/50                                 pal:sqp; ton:sqp. S
 zym car        150.mg * P<.0005    85.9mg 278.mg   0/50    4/35    7/65   14/50                                                   S
 pal sqp        157.mg * P<.0005    86.9mg 317.mg   0/50    2/35   11/65    7/50                                                   S
 ski MXA        158.mg * P<.0005 c  79.8mg 377.mg   0/50    2/35    6/65    5/50                                      ski:sqc,sqp.
 ski sqp        174.mg * P<.0005    85.6mg 442.mg   0/50    2/35    5/65    5/50                                                   S
 MXA sqc        208.mg * P<.0005    105.mg 484.mg   0/50    1/35    8/65    6/50                                 pal:sqc; ton:sqc. S
 ton MXA        238.mg * P<.002     103.mg 1.38gm   2/50    2/35    4/65    7/50                                      ton:sqc,sqp. S
 zym ade        321.mg * P<.002     135.mg 1.48gm   0/50    1/35    5/65    3/50                                                   S
 ton sqc        384.mg * P<.003     151.mg 2.35gm   0/50    1/35    3/65    3/50                                                   S
 liv MXA        394.mg * P<.0005 c  154.mg 1.43gm   0/50    0/35    2/65    5/50                                      liv:hpc,nnd.
 liv nnd        429.mg * P<.002     159.mg 1.92gm   0/50    0/35    2/65    4/50                                                   S
 pal sqc        456.mg * P<.003     186.mg 2.33gm   0/50    0/35    5/65    3/50                                                   S
 MXA adp        491.mg * P<.02   c  164.mg n.s.s.   0/50    0/35    3/65    1/50                        asc:adp; col:adp; dsc:adp.
 ute MXA        493.mg Z P<.02   c  162.mg n.s.s.   1/50    0/35    1/65    4/50                                      ute:adc,ade.
 MXA MXA        997.mg * P<.02   c  321.mg n.s.s.   0/50    0/35    1/65    3/50                             duo:muc; jej:adc,muc.
 jej MXA        1.18gm * P<.02      340.mg n.s.s.   0/50    0/35    0/65    3/50                                      jej:adc,muc. S
 TBA MXB        20.4mg * P<.0005    13.5mg 36.2mg  43/50   33/35   64/65   49/50
 liv MXB        394.mg * P<.0005    154.mg 1.43gm   0/50    0/35    2/65    5/50                                  liv:hpa,hpc,nnd.
791  R m f34 wat 97w97 TR397 :                       0    31.5mg  61.7mg  124.mg
 MXB MXB        11.8mg * P<.0005    8.18mg 18.0mg  14/50   27/35   59/65   45/50   asc:adp; col:adc,adp; dsc:adp; jej:adc,adp,muc;
                                liv:hpc,nnd; pal:sqp; phr:sqc; pre:ade,anb,car,cnb; ski:bca,bcc,sea,sqc,sqp; ton:sqc,sqp; zym:ade,
                                                                                                                              car. C
 tes MXA        12.9mg * P<.0005    8.38mg 23.1mg  48/50   32/35   61/65   43/50                                      tes:iab,ica. S
 ski MXA        18.1mg Z P<.0005    12.2mg 28.2mg   2/50   10/35   29/65   28/50                                  ski:bca,bcc,sea. S
 ski MXA        19.6mg Z P<.0005 c  13.1mg 30.8mg   2/50    9/35   27/65   28/50                                      ski:bca,bcc.
 ski bca        21.6mg Z P<.0005    14.0mg 35.3mg   2/50    8/35   23/65   26/50                                                   S
 mul mnl        23.0mg * P<.0005 e  13.7mg 46.5mg  17/50   19/35   28/65   20/50
 amd MXA        36.6mg Z P<.0005    20.7mg 84.2mg  16/50    5/35   21/65   17/50                              amd:pbb,phc,phm,pob. S
 MXA MXA        39.3mg * P<.0005 c  24.9mg 65.4mg   1/50   10/35   24/65   17/50                    pal:sqp; phr:sqc; ton:sqc,sqp.
 amd MXA        39.8mg Z P<.0005    22.1mg 95.2mg  16/50    5/35   19/65   17/50                                      amd:pbb,pob. S
 MXA sqp        43.6mg * P<.0005    27.0mg 71.6mg   0/50    9/35   18/65   15/50                                 pal:sqp; ton:sqp. S
 pal sqp        47.0mg * P<.0005    29.0mg 77.1mg   0/50    9/35   17/65   15/50                                                   S
 thy fca        49.7mg Z P<.002     15.1mg 310.mg   0/50    4/35   (1/65    0/50)                                                  S
 ski MXA        51.0mg Z P<.0005 c  29.3mg 97.2mg   2/50    4/35   11/65   19/50                                      ski:sqc,sqp.
 liv MXA        55.2mg * P<.0005 c  31.4mg 102.mg   0/50    6/35    9/65   11/50                                      liv:hpc,nnd.
 pre MXA        55.3mg * P<.0005 c  29.8mg 148.mg   8/50    5/35   23/65    9/50                              pre:ade,anb,car,cnb.
 liv nnd        65.3mg * P<.0005    34.9mg 133.mg   0/50    6/35    8/65    7/50                                                   S
 pre MXA        77.1mg * P<.0005    36.9mg 267.mg   6/50    2/35   12/65    8/50                                      pre:ade,anb. S
 zym MXA        89.2mg * P<.0005 c  51.3mg 166.mg   1/50    5/35   10/65   20/50                                      zym:ade,car.
 ski sqc        89.7mg Z P<.0005    45.3mg 178.mg   0/50    1/35    7/65   13/50                                                   S
 ski sqp        92.8mg * P<.0005    42.9mg 293.mg   2/50    3/35    5/65    8/50                                                   S
 ski bcc        101.mg Z P<.0005    50.5mg 213.mg   0/50    2/35    4/65   10/50                                                   S
 thy MXA        103.mg Z P<.002     41.8mg 464.mg   0/50    4/35    4/65   (0/50)                                     thy:fca,fcc. S
 ski sea        108.mg * P<.0005 c  50.7mg 279.mg   0/50    1/35    7/65    3/50
 sub MXA        131.mg * P<.003     53.4mg 994.mg   2/50    3/35    5/65    4/50                                      sub:fib,sar. S
 zym car        132.mg * P<.0005    73.7mg 267.mg   1/50    3/35    8/65   17/50                                                   S
 sub fib        150.mg * P<.007     57.0mg 2.72gm   2/50    2/35    5/65    3/50                                                   S
 ski ker        152.mg * P<.006     60.6mg 2.32gm   2/50    1/35    7/65    2/50                                                   S
 MXA MXA        162.mg * P<.0005 c  84.3mg 359.mg   0/50    1/35    6/65    8/50                    asc:adp; col:adc,adp; dsc:adp.
 zym ade        237.mg * P<.002     88.4mg 1.09gm   0/50    2/35    2/65    4/50                                                   S
 MXA adp        310.mg * P<.0005    131.mg 1.16gm   0/50    1/35    2/65    5/50                        asc:adp; col:adp; dsc:adp. S
 col adc        355.mg * P<.002     144.mg 1.66gm   0/50    0/35    4/65    3/50                                                   S
 liv hpc        375.mg * P<.002     129.mg 1.87gm   0/50    0/35    1/65    4/50                                                   S
 thy MXA        116.mg * P<.03      44.4mg n.s.s.   8/50    9/35    9/65    5/50                              thy:cca,ccb,ccr,cdb. S
 thy MXA        143.mg * P<.04      52.4mg n.s.s.   5/50    8/35    7/65    4/50                                      thy:cca,cdb. S
 pre MXA        207.mg * P<.05      79.1mg n.s.s.   2/50    3/35   11/65    1/50                                      pre:car,cnb. S
 thy fcc        331.mg * P<.04      85.4mg n.s.s.   0/50    0/35    3/65    0/50                                                   S
 MXA sqc        361.mg * P<.04      117.mg n.s.s.   1/50    1/35    6/65    2/50                                 phr:sqc; ton:sqc. S
 ton MXA        371.mg * P<.02      108.mg n.s.s.   0/50    1/35    3/65    2/50                                      ton:sqc,sqp. S
 phr sqc        466.mg * P<.05      130.mg n.s.s.   1/50    0/35    4/65    2/50                                                   S
 MXA asl        600.mg * P<.03   e  188.mg n.s.s.   0/50    1/35    1/65    2/50                                 bmd:asl; crb:asl.
 jej MXA        1.63gm * P<.2    c  484.mg n.s.s.   0/50    1/35    0/65    2/50                                  jej:adc,adp,muc.
 TBA MXB        12.0mg * P<.0005    8.00mg 20.0mg  38/50   34/35   63/65   48/50
 liv MXB        55.2mg * P<.0005    31.4mg 102.mg   0/50    6/35    9/65   11/50                                  liv:hpa,hpc,nnd.

Mutagenicity in Salmonella: positive
SMILES Code for C.I. direct blue 15: C12C(=CC(=C(C=1O)/N=N/C3=C(C=C(C=C3)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)/N=N/C5=C(C=C6C(=C5O)C(=CC(=C6)S(=O)(=O)[O-])N)S(=O)(=O)[O-])OC)OC)S(=O)(=O)[O-])C=C(C=C2N)S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+]
InChI Code for C.I. direct blue 15: InChI=1/C34H28N6O16S4.4Na/c1-55-25-9-15(3-5-23(25)37-39-31-27(59(49,50)51)11-17-7-19(57(43,44)45)13-21(35)29(17)33(31)41)16-4-6-24(26(10-16)56-2)38-40-32-28(60(52,53)54)12-18-8-20(58(46,47)48)14-22(36)30(18)34(32)42;;;;/h3-14,41-42H,35-36H2,1-2H3,(H,43,44,45)(H,46,47,48)(H,49,50,51)(H,52,53,54);;;;/q;4*+1/p-4/b39-37-,40-38-;;;;
Source for SMILES and InChI: USEPA Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database

Chemical Structure for C.I. direct blue 15:

Source for structure: National Library of Medicine ChemIDPlus

See full CPDB Summary Table on 1547 chemicals. See Full CPDB for all results on 6540 experiments of 1547 chemicals.

A complete list of CPDB chemicals, which is searchable by name or by CAS number, is available here.

For a compendium of CPDB results organized by target organ, which lists all chemicals in each species that induced tumors in each of 35 organs, see Summary Table by Target Organ.

The CPDB is available in several formats that permit printing and downloading into spreadsheets and statistical databases.

A plot of the CPDB presents results of 1547 experiments on 6540 chemicals in an easily readable format that has been used in publications of the CPDB.
A Screen version plot for use on a single computer screen, with the same data.
Excel version of the same data.
Tab-separated versions of the same data, which can be easily read into databases.

A Supplementary Dataset gives details on dosing and survival for each experiment.

Relatively precise estimates of the lower confidence limit on the TD₁₀ (LTD₁₀) are readily calculated from the TD₅₀ and its lower confidence limit, which are reported in the CPDB. For researchers and regulatory agencies interested in LTD₁₀ values, we provide them in an Excel spreadsheet.

PDF versions of our publications of analyses using the CPDB are available, organized by year and by research topic.

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Last updated: October 3, 2007