The Carcinogenic Potency Project

Dichloroacetic acid (CAS 79-43-6)
SMILES, InChI and Structure are below.
Rats and Mice: Cancer Test Summary
Rat Target Sites Mouse Target Sites TD50 (mg/kg/day)
Male Female Male Female Rat Mouse
liv no test liv liv 161m 119m

Key to the Table Above

Positivity: For each chemical with a positive (carcinogenic) experiment in the Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB), results are included on carcinogenic potency (TD50) in each species and target sites in males and females. Positivity is determined by an author’s opinion in a published paper. If all experimental results in the CDPB are negative in a sex-species group, “no positive” appears. If the CPDB has no experiments in the sex-species group, “no test” appears. The summary presents the strongest evidence of carcinogenicity in each group. If there are both positive and negative experiments in a sex-species, the negative results are ignored in this Summary Table.
Target Site Codes:   liv = liver. Target sites are listed if any author of published experimental results concluded that tumors were induced in that organ by the test agent. If there is more than one positive experiment in a sex-species, target sites listed may be from more than one experiment, e.g. if liver and lung are both listed, then liver may have been a target in one experiment and lung in another.
TD50: Our standardized measure of carcinogenic potency, TD50, is the daily dose rate in mg/kg body weight/day to induce tumors in half of test animals that would have remained tumor-free at zero dose. Whenever there is more than one positive experiment in a species, the reported TD50 value is a Harmonic Mean calculated using the TD50 value from the most potent target site in each positive experiment.
Superscripts:   m = There is more than one positive experiment in the species, and TD50 values from each positive experiment are used in the calculation of the reported Harmonic mean of TD50.

The Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) is a unique and widely used international resource of the results of 6540 chronic, long-term animal cancer tests on 1547 chemicals. The CPDB provides easy access to the bioassay literature, with qualitative and quantitative analyses of both positive and negative experiments that have been published over the past 50 years in the general literature through 2001 and by the National Cancer Institute/National Toxicology Program through 2004. The CPDB standardizes the diverse literature of cancer bioassays that vary widely in protocol, histopathological examination and nomenclature, and in the published author’s choices of what information to provide in their papers. Results are reported in the CPDB for tests in rats, mice, hamsters, dogs, and nonhuman primates.

For each experiment, information is included on species, strain, and sex of test animal; features of experimental protocol such as route of administration, duration of dosing, dose level(s) in mg/kg body weight/day, and duration of experiment; experimental results are provided on target organ, tumor type, and tumor incidence; carcinogenic potency (TD50) and its statistical significance; shape of the dose-response, author’s opinion as to carcinogenicity, and literature citation.

Only tests with dosing for at least ¼ the standard lifespan of the species and experiment length at least ½ the lifespan are included in the CPDB. Only routes of administration with whole body exposure are included. Doses are standardized, average dose rates in mg/kg/day. A description of methods used in the CPDB to standardize the diverse literature of animal cancer tests is presented for: 1) Criteria for inclusion of experiments 2) Standardization of average daily dose levels and 3) TD50 estimation for a standard lifespan. See Methods for other details.

TD50 provides a standardized quantitative measure that can be used for comparisons and analyses of many issues in carcinogenesis. The range of TD50 values across chemicals that are rodent carcinogens is more than 100 million-fold. More than half the chemicals tested are positive in at least one experiment.

A plot of all results on each experiment in the CPDB for this chemical is presented below. These results are the source information for the Cancer Test Summary table above.

Dichloroacetic acid: All Experiments and Citations in CPDB

The definition of each code in the plot below will appear in a pop-up window when the field name in the header line is clicked, e.g., Strain, Site, Path. Each numbered line starts a new experiment and reports protocol information in black. Average daily dose-rates per kg body weight per day are in green. Remaining lines report experimental results in blue.

Abbreviations of fields in header line: # = the line number in the plot of all CPDB chemicals; Xpo = duration of dosing; Xpt = duration of experiment; Site = tissue; Path = tumor type; DR = dose-response; AuOp = author’s opinion about carcinogenicity; LoConf, UpConf = confidence limits (99%) on TD50; Inc = tumor incidence for each dose group.

See Guide to reading the plot for details on each field, using an example of one experiment.

See Help to improve readability, or to fit the plot onto the screen or a printed page.



Chemical (Synonym) CAS
# Species Sex Strain Route Xpo+Xpt PaperNum        0 Dose  1 Dose 2 Dose  3 Dose          Literature Reference or NCI/NTP:Site Path
Site Path Notes   TD50  DR Pval    AuOp LoConf UpConf   Cntrl   1 Inc  2 Inc   3 Inc                                                        Brkly Code



DICHLOROACETIC ACID   79-43-6
1937 M f b6c wat 51w51 2191m ()                      0    51.6mg  172.mg  516.mg             Pereira;faat,31,192-199;1996/pers.comm.
 liv hpa Cekr   238.mg * P<.0005 +  112.mg 765.mg   1/40    0/40    3/20    7/20
 liv hpc Cekr   2.56gm * P<.1       417.mg n.s.s.   0/40    0/40    0/20    1/20
1938 M f b6c wat 82w82 2191n                         0    51.6mg  172.mg  516.mg
 liv hpa Cer    197.mg * P<.0005 +  119.mg 362.mg   2/90    3/50    7/28   16/19
 liv hpc Cer    1.23gm * P<.002  +  473.mg 7.47gm   2/90    0/50    1/28    5/19
1939 M m b6c wat 61w61 2071                          0    833.mg                                  Herren-Freund;txap,90,183-189;1987
 liv hpa er     62.1mg   P<.0005    26.3mg 137.mg   2/22   25/26
 liv hpc er     119.mg   P<.0005 +  65.6mg 234.mg   0/22   21/26
1940 M m b6c wat 24m24 2072                          0    88.0mg                              Daniel;faat,19,159-168;1992/pers.comm.
 liv mix e      49.3mg   P<.0005 +  24.9mg 139.mg   3/20   18/24
 liv hpc e      68.9mg   P<.0005 +  34.3mg 223.mg   2/20   15/24
 liv hpa e      124.mg   P<.004     56.0mg 817.mg   1/20   10/24
1941 M m b6c wat 60w60 2073m                         0    8.33mg  83.3mg  833.mg            DeAngelo;faat,16,337-347;1991/pers.comm.
 liv mix ekr    89.2mg * P<.0005 +  50.8mg 177.mg   0/9     2/9     1/9    27/30
 liv hpc ekr    114.mg * P<.0005 +  68.5mg 232.mg   0/9     2/9     1/9    25/30
 liv hpa ekr    128.mg * P<.0005 +  74.0mg 237.mg   0/9     0/9     0/9    24/30
1942 M m b6c wat 75w75 2073n                         0    8.33mg  83.3mg
 liv hpa er     1.77gm * P<.9       75.1mg n.s.s.   0/19    2/20    1/18
 liv hpc er     no dre   P=1.       105.mg n.s.s.   2/19    3/20    1/18
 liv mix er     no dre   P=1.       79.3mg n.s.s.   2/19    5/20    2/18
1943 M m b6c wat 52w52 2453m :                       0    83.3mg  167.mg  333.mg  583.mg        DeAngelo;jtxe,58,485;1999/pers.comm.
 liv mix Ck     143.mg * P<.002  +  71.7mg 604.mg   0/10    1/10    1/10    2/10    7/10
 liv hpc Ck     242.mg * P<.002  +  104.mg 1.07gm   0/10    0/10    0/10    2/10    5/10
 liv hpa Ck     247.mg * P<.02      107.mg n.s.s.   0/10    1/10    1/10    0/10    5/10
1944 M m b6c wat 78w78 2453n :                       0    83.3mg  167.mg  333.mg  583.mg
 liv mix Ck     179.mg * P<.003  +  89.0mg 1.27gm   2/10    1/10    4/10    8/10    9/10
 liv hpc Ck     278.mg * P<.003  +  136.mg 1.66gm   1/10    0/10    2/10    5/10    7/10
 liv hpa Ck     368.mg * P<.03      159.mg n.s.s.   1/10    1/10    2/10    5/10    5/10
1945 M m b6c wat 23m23 2453o :                       0    8.33mg  83.3mg  167.mg  333.mg  583.mg
 liv mix C      176.mg * P<.0005 +  103.mg 413.mg  18/50   11/33   14/25   30/35   21/21   11/11
 liv hpc C      188.mg * P<.0005 +  112.mg 418.mg  13/50   11/33   12/25   25/35   20/21   11/11
 liv hpa C      313.mg * P<.0005    184.mg 744.mg   5/50    1/33    5/25   18/35    9/21    5/11
1946 R m f34 wat 53w53 2261m :                       0    139.mg                           DeAngelo;txcy,114,207-221;1996/pers.comm.
 liv mix Ckv    no dre   P=1.       n.s.s. n.s.s.   0/7     0/7
1947 R m f34 wat 78w78 2261n :                       0    139.mg
 liv mix Ckv    no dre   P=1.       75.1mg n.s.s.   1/8     1/8
1948 R m f34 wat 24m24 2261o :                       0    139.mg
 liv mix Cv     278.mg   P<.004  +  122.mg 1.99gm   1/43    9/41
 liv hpc Cv     386.mg   P<.02      151.mg n.s.s.   1/43    7/41
 liv hpa Cv     795.mg   P<.03      241.mg n.s.s.   0/43    3/41
1949 R m f34 wat 60w60 2261r :                       0    3.60mg  40.2mg  296.mg
 liv hpa Ckv    251.mg * P<.02      108.mg n.s.s.   0/10    0/13    0/13    7/34
 liv mix Ckv    251.mg * P<.02   +  108.mg n.s.s.   0/10    0/13    0/13    7/34
 liv hpc Ckv    1.85gm * P<.4       301.mg n.s.s.   0/10    0/13    0/13    1/34
1950 R m f34 wat 23m23 2261s :                       0    3.60mg  40.2mg
 liv mix C      90.6mg * P<.004  +  36.6mg 768.mg   1/23    0/26    7/28
 liv hpa C      138.mg * P<.03      47.8mg n.s.s.   1/23    0/26    5/28
 liv hpc C      212.mg * P<.02      64.1mg n.s.s.   0/23    0/26    3/28
Mutagenicity in Salmonella: positive
SMILES Code for Dichloroacetic acid: OC(=O)C(Cl)Cl
InChI Code for Dichloroacetic acid: InChI=1/C2H2Cl2O2/c3-1(4)2(5)6/h1H,(H,5,6)
Source for SMILES and InChI: USEPA Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database
Chemical Structure for Dichloroacetic acid: Chemical Structure
Source for structure: National Library of Medicine ChemIDPlus

See full CPDB Summary Table on 1547 chemicals. See Full CPDB for all results on 6540 experiments of 1547 chemicals.

A complete list of CPDB chemicals, which is searchable by name or by CAS number, is available here.

For a compendium of CPDB results organized by target organ, which lists all chemicals in each species that induced tumors in each of 35 organs, see Summary Table by Target Organ.

The CPDB is available in several formats that permit printing and downloading into spreadsheets and statistical databases.

  1. A plot of the CPDB presents results of 1547 experiments on 6540 chemicals in an easily readable format that has been used in publications of the CPDB.
  2. A Screen version plot for use on a single computer screen, with the same data.
  3. Excel version of the same data.
  4. Tab-separated versions of the same data, which can be easily read into databases.

A Supplementary Dataset gives details on dosing and survival for each experiment.

Relatively precise estimates of the lower confidence limit on the TD10 (LTD10) are readily calculated from the TD50 and its lower confidence limit, which are reported in the CPDB. For researchers and regulatory agencies interested in LTD10 values, we provide them in an Excel spreadsheet.

PDF versions of our publications of analyses using the CPDB are available, organized by year and by research topic.

Carcinogenic Potency Database Project (CPDB) Home Page
For more information about this Web Page, contact slone.cpdb@gmail.com.
Last updated: October 3, 2007